Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?

Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by (1) airway obstruction, usually reversible; (2) airway hyperreactivity; and (3) bronchial inflammation with epithelial damage, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and mucus blockage. The classification of asthma according to primary irritant that causes or is associated with an exacerbation is useful for both epidemiological and clinical purposes. In this sense, asthma can be divided into allergic asthma and specific asthma (asthma not caused by allergic irritants).

Then, as question shows, one of reasons is that weather is too cold in winter, which increases likelihood of an asthma attack. In addition, in winter, weather and air are dry, which can easily stimulate respiratory tract and cause asthma. Poor people (such as elderly patients, etc.) are also cause of various diseases (not only asthma)!

Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?
So let's continue learning more about what "asthma" is and how to control "asthma" with medication! ! clinical suspicion

The clinical picture is very similar to episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness and a feeling of suffocation in neck. Attacks usually occur at night or upon awakening, but can occur at any time of day.

Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?
diagnosis

Requires spirometry, which is defined as an improvement in obstructive pattern following bronchodilator therapy. Improvement was defined as a 12% increase in FEV1 or a 35% increase in forced expiratory flow (FEF).

treatment

Step-by-Step Approach:

Step 1: Take a Light Rest

Patients do not have daily seizures and do not wake up at night.

  • Rapid relief: beta-agonists or anticholinergic bronchodilators as needed.
  • Long-term treatment is not required.
  • Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?
The second step is soft and continuous

    Treatment A. disease-modifying drugs is necessary for patients with daily symptoms or daily use of bronchodilators.

  • Rapid relief: beta-agonists or anticholinergic bronchodilators as needed.
  • Long-term treatment: (disease-modifying agents) anti-inflammatory drugs such as sodium brown sugar, inhaled or daily inhaled steroids. Long-acting theophylline with serum concentrations of 5 to 15 µg/mL is an alternative, but not preferred, therapy. The leukotriene modifiers zafirlukast or zileuton can also be used in patients >/= 12 years of age and montelukast in patients >/= 6 years of age, although their role in therapy has not been fully established.
  • Night symptoms. These symptoms may require additional long-acting inhaled beta-agonists (eg, salmeterol, two qhs sprays) or theophylline at night. Also consider increasing dose of disease-modifying drugs.
  • Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?
The third step is seriously preserved

    The patient had severe symptoms and inadequate control despite use of high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (>20 puffs of beclomethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, or flunaractone per day)

  • Rapid relief: beta-agonists or anticholinergic bronchodilators as needed.
  • Long-term treatment. These patients may require regular oral steroids to control symptoms. Fluticasone, 220 cups per inhalation, about four times more than beclomethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, or flunaractone. For patients who require high doses of inhaled corticosteroids or who take oral corticosteroids frequently, fluticasone is very effective in reducing symptoms and minimizing effects of oral corticosteroids. Drugs that reduce need for oral corticosteroids have been studied. Some patients may benefit from methotrexate or trilamycin. Many of these patients require doses of bronchodilators and may benefit from addition of long-acting beta components. 2 Adrenoceptor agonists (eg salmeterol, double-labeled).
  • Why is asthma more common in winter? How rationally to stop an asthma attack with medication?
modified chronic therapy

    Treatment is reviewed every 1 to 6 months and gradual dose reduction may be considered. Assess for possible signs and symptoms of corticosteroid withdrawal at weaning in patients taking inhaled steroids.

    If control is not maintained, check patient management, adherence, and environmental control (avoidance of allergens or other factors that contribute to asthma severity). It may be necessary to add control (anti-inflammatory) therapy with addition of long-acting beta-agonists.